Category: General Topics

Important considerations for an effective portable dental delivery system include:

Transportability (how easily it can be moved and utilized):
>weight and size characteristics
>ability to transport the equipment (cubic feet needed — will it fit into your vehicle?)
>carrying case and/or dolly system (is there a built-in handle and/or dolly system? If not, can you utilize generic cart systems effectively to move equipment?)
>capacity to selectively take only the dental equipment you need
>ease of moving the assembled equipment
>capability of transporting equipment into various settings (e.g.,  up/down stairs, through narrow doorways)

Durability (likelihood of malfunction because of constantly moving the units):

>protective carrying cases
>protective padding systems for lights and other delicate equipment
>equipment engineered sufficiently to minimize need for frequent repairs
>avoiding need for repairs

Ergonomic characteristics (creation of an efficient working environment):
>favorable relation of portable dental unit functions to weight and size
>dental chair allows variety of positioning options (e.g., height and reclining angle); movable arm rests to allow wheelchair transfers
>adjustability of operator and assistant stools
>convenient location of handpieces, suction, water and air syringe, and rheostat (foot pedal)
>dental light positioning flexibility for illumination
>dental x-ray unit weight, stability and positioning (stationary tripod bases are less effective than a concave base on wheels that facilitates better x-ray head positioning)
>portable delivery system layout matches available room layouts (equipment should be small enough and flexible enough to be used in a variety of spaces)

Delivery system capabilities (capacity for effective dental treatment provision):
>ability to provide a range of dental services(should also allow for 4-handed delivery of care–dentist/hygienist and dental assistant working together on the same patient)
>portable dental unit  provides adequate sustainable pounds per square inch (psi) for high-speed and low-speed handpieces (35-50 psi is recommended for handpiece operation)
>portable dental unit provides adequate sustainable cubic feet per min (cfm) for high-volume and low-volume suction (2.5-5.0 scfm)
using the handpiece and portable dental suction unit at the same time is possible and does not cause a decline in the functional capabilities of either feature
>supports multiple handpieces

>supports an ultrasonic scaler
>supports fiber optic capability for handpieces to improve visualization of the mouth in settings with less ambient light
>supports air turbine, electric, and/or cable handpieces

dental light should be quartz halogen-based and provide adequate foot-candles for illumination (should provide about 1000 ft candles at working distance of 2 ft)
sufficient suction and water bottle capacity–at least 500 ml (larger size will decrease frequency of emptying the waste or refilling the water bottles)there is an adequate air reservoir to provide continuous sustainable power to the handpiece (1-9 liters with larger capacities preferable to minimize the running of the compressor)

Infection control (meeting OSHA’s requirements for cleanliness and asepsis):
>cleaning and disinfection of the unit
>flushing handpiece and waterlines
>ease of removing suction contaminates from the vacuum to the drain and disinfection

Maintenance (how to avoid “downtime”)
> extent and frequency of preventive maintenance activities (e.g., cleaning, flushing, lubrication
ease of performing needed maintenance and minor repairs (e.g., replacing gaskets, filters, hoses, and/or fuses)
on-site repair capabilities
>repair of more complex problems and need to ship components for servicing or repairs
> loaner unit availability from vendor when extensive repairs are needed

Ease of assembly/disassembly (starting and finishing):
>time and effort needed to set-up unit(s)
>time and effort needed to clean and disassemble unit(s)

Noise level (how loud is it and can it be modified):
Dental compressor and vacuum noise–sound levels may range from 40-70 decibels at 3 to 4 feet (if noisy, check on compressor capability to be placed some distance away from the treatment area; oilless compressors are generally louder than non-oilless ones; check other variables such as air reservoir or continuous flow versus an intermittent flow design)
Source:
https://www.oyodental.com/blog/2016/05/25/what-should-take-into-considertation-in-choosing-portable-dental-units/

Essential Information
Training in biomedical dental equipment technology can typically be found in diploma, certificate and associate’s degree programs. At all levels, the coursework is centered on ensuring biomedical equipment is functioning at national and local standards through preventative maintenance and safety inspections. Clinical lab work is an important aspect of the programs; hands-on training in courses such as electrical circuitry and microcomputer technology, along with biomedical externships, reinforces students’ classroom and textbook studies.

Common course subjects will include:
Printed circuit boards
Computer configuration
Repair calibration
Diagnostic procedures
Medical device troubleshooting
List of Courses
Medical Terminology Course
The medical terminology course prepares students to effectively communicate within the healthcare industry. Studying word roots, prefixes and suffixes as they relate to medical vocabulary is the main focus of this class. Students learn how to recognize the basic structure of medical words, the definitions of these words and how to correctly use medical terminology and abbreviations.

Introduction to Biomedical Studies
During this course, students are often presented with an overview of the healthcare industry. The various job roles and duties of a biomedical equipment technician, hospital structure and organization and the interactions between the providers of different medical services are normally discussed. Safety concerns, policies, codes and procedures are typically included in the coursework as well. Students may also be introduced to biomedical instrumentation and control systems.

Biomedical Electrical Circuits Course
This course is centered on basic concepts of electrical circuits as they pertain to biomedical instrumentation. Circuit analysis, measuring and the function of test equipment take up a large portion of the training. Students explore such topics as voltage, circuit simulation, resistance, the effects of electromagnetism, components, test equipment operation and the principles of DC and AC electricity. By the end of the course, students should be competent in using test equipment correctly; designing, constructing, verifying and analyzing DC/AC circuits; and properly understand the schematics for circuits.

A+ Certification Course
Students are introduced to basic computer operating systems and hardware for A+ certification during this course. The Windows operating system, microprocessors, hard drives and system boards are among the topics typically discussed. Through the curriculum, students gain skills in troubleshooting, file management, configuring a microcomputer and performance analysis. Lab exercises are usually included to help develop these skills.

Biomedical Instruments I
This course presents students with concepts in biomedical instrumentation. The curriculum covers the chemical, physical, computational and electronic aspects of how such instrumentation functions. Students examine and work with a variety of devices and instruments to build their skills in troubleshooting techniques, medical applications and circuit analysis. The primary goal of the course is for students to be able to repair, calibrate and verify that instrumentation is up to the manufacturers’ original specification standards.

Biomedical Instruments II
Students further hone their biomedical instrumentation skills and knowledge through theoretical and practical coursework. Studies are typically concentrated on advanced operation, repair and preventative maintenance. Students are introduced to applications of data acquisitions and analysis, control systems and imaging. Computer-based instrumentation as well as microprocessor-based instrumentation are generally part of the curriculum as well.

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Root canal therapy is used to treat pathological conditions inside a tooth that have affected its nerve tissue, and often the tissues that surround its root too.

By completing a tooth’s treatment, a dentist can both resolve its internal problems as well as set the stage so your body’s healing process can take place as effectively as possible, thus allowing the tissues surrounding its root to return to and/or maintain a healthy status.

The procedure itself is basically a two-staged process.
A) Cleansing the tooth’s interior. – The first portion of the procedure removes compromised (infected, necrotic, degenerating) tissues, and associated debris and contaminates, from within a tooth’s nerve space.
B) Sealing off the treated area. – The procedure is completed by filling in and sealing off the tooth’s cleansed internal space, so contaminates can’t leak back in, or out.

Details:
A) Cleaning the tooth. – What does this step accomplish?
Dentists use root canal treatment to resolve a wide range of nerve-related problems. For example, this same fix is used when a tooth’s nerve tissue is: 1) Acutely inflamed, 2) In the process of dying, or 3) Completely necrotic (dead).

Necrotic pulp tissue removed from a tooth.
This is nerve tissue that’s been pulled out of a tooth’s canal.
View Slideshow
And although each of these conditions is different, what they all have in common is that they involve (or will involve) a situation where the tooth’s nerve space harbors contaminates that will ultimately leak out of the tooth’s root tip and persistently irritate (inflame) the tissues that surround it.

So, the underlying goal of the cleaning portion of the root canal procedure is for the dentist to remove as many of these irritants (or items that will degrade into irritants) as possible.

These types of items include pulp (nerve) tissue (live or dead), the organic debris left over from the breakdown of this tissue, bacteria and the toxins and additional byproducts they have created.

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The age of small dental laboratories
My partner and I started our lab in a basement more than 30 years ago. It was just the two of us, and our business model privileged quality over volume. The prevailing attitude at the time was: the larger the lab, the more frequently quality would be sacrificed.
I will never forget a particular incident that happened when we were still in that basement. One of our first accounts loved our work, but he would never refer his colleagues to us because he didn’t want us to get “too big.” He stopped sending us work when we grew from a two-person lab to an eight-person lab. Even though the quality of our work was maintained (dental lab supplies online), his perception of our size drove him away. That dentist is probably having a difficult time finding a lab these days.

The age of larger dental laboratories
The labs that are able to remain in business have grown to become midsized (like mine) or large-scale. Hiring more technicians and investing in sophisticated equipment allows us to increase production and keep costs competitive; however, the challenge that we all face is maintaining quality.
Imagine the fabrication of your crown being reduced to an assembly line of technicians, each doing one part of a multiple-step procedure. Imagine dipping dies all day while the next person waxes, followed by the next person who waxes the margins, then the next one who sprues, and so on.

The lure of offshore
Offshoring is double jeopardy. The work is sent overseas, most commonly to China, where labs may employ up to 1,500 technicians in one factory. We now have the large, corporate assembly line, as well as concerns about foreign-made products. FDA, ADA, HIPAA, and OSHA regulations do not apply there; therefore, we have no guarantee that approved materials are being used.

Just like in your dental practice, my biggest expense is labor. I take pride in the handcrafted work we produce, similarly to how you are proud of the dental team you have assembled. But that means we have to pay salary, overtime, vacation, medical, social security, state taxes, unemployment, and so forth.

Technology to the rescue
Digital dentistry has arguably been the biggest advancement in years for both dental labs and practices. Digital scanning in-office can reduce overhead and expedite procedures. We have seen previous systems that only resulted in milled or printed models and that still required hand-waxed crowns, but the latest generation enables the digital design and production of restorations that can be fit and adjusted on a final model or produced without a model.

The future of dental laboratories
Small labs, staffed by five people or fewer, will likely be unable to purchase the necessary traditional products or new technology and will certainly not be able to compete financially with the larger labs. These smaller, quality labs will probably close due to inability to compete.
The midsized and larger quality labs will be able to carry on, but getting new labor and affording the continuous upgrades to technology and training will be very costly. Deciding to be “bought out” by allowing a larger entity to finance the business and supply the merchandise will necessarily be attractive.
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The oil extracted from a clove is known as eugenol. Depending on where the oil is extracted from — either the bud, leaf, or stem — the concentration of eugenol generally ranges from 60 to 90%.Clove oil is generally used in dentistry to treat pain from a dry socket, as well as used in a number of temporary restorative materials. Because the aroma of the oil is very strong, clove oil often leaves a lingering, aromatic presence in the dental office. Clove oil can be found in most natural health stores and in some grocery stores.

Considerations for Using Clove Oil
Clove oil, although natural, is known to be toxic in specific amounts,so people wishing to use the oil for dental pain should be cautious of the amount they are using at a time.

Clove oil may cause
Any of the above symptoms should be reported to your physician immediately. Using clove oil as a dental pain reliever isn’t for everyone. Its use in children has not yet been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and as a matter of fact, the FDA currently does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements, such as clove oil. People with bleeding disorders should not use clove oil, as it is known to cause increased bleeding. Also, oil of cloves is known to decrease blood glucose levels, so diabetics should use caution when considering the use of clove oil for dental pain.

Place two to three drops of the oil in a clean, small container. Add 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of olive oil. This mixture will prevent any soft tissue irritation that is common when using clove oil on its own.Soak a small piece of cotton in the oil mixture until it is saturated. Blot the cotton on a piece of tissue to remove the excess oil before placing the cotton in your mouth. Using a clean pair of tweezers, hold the cotton on the painful area for 10 seconds, making sure you do not swallow any of the oil. dental apex locator Once complete, rinse your mouth with saline solution. This step may be repeated two to three times daily.Always see your dentist if the pain from a toothache persists. Clove oil should only be used as a temporary way to relieve pain from a toothache. Your best pain remedy is to see your dentist.

There is a distinctive smell that is often associated with your dental office. Some people love it; others are sadly reminded of a bad dental experience every time they get a whiff of it. What is responsible for the aroma? Chances are, you are smelling clove oil. Used in dentistry for over a century, clove oil is a very effective antiseptic that is known to help relieve dental pain.Cloves are dried buds from a tree in the Myrtaceae family. Primarily harvested in Indonesia, cloves were thought to first originate in Syria, when they were discovered in a ceramic pot by archaeologists who predict the cloves date back to 1721 BC.

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Manual pressure on gauze pack placed over the area can be used by the dentist to arrest the bleeding. The gauze size should be small to just cover the extraction socket. The gauze which is used may be moistened so that the blood doesn’t coagulate in the gauze and blood clot is not dislodged when the clot is removed.

Gauze pack placed on tooth extraction site

If a large vessel is involved, then it can be clamped with a hemostat and is tied with resorbable stitches (3-0 cat gut sutures) If the bleeding is from bone, then absorbable haemostatic gauze or bone wax over the site of bleeding can be placed.

A small amount of blood is mixed with the saliva (Or spit).  So the patient should not freak out about the amount of blood loss he is having.

After the tooth extraction procedure, the patient is advised to firmly bite (not chew) on the gauze for at least 30mins. The gauze should be held in mouth for 30-45mins. The patient should not talk for a minimum of 2-3 hrs after the tooth extraction.

Slight oozing of blood may occur up to 24hrs after the extraction. It is considered to be normal. There might be some oozing of the blood at night from the extraction site and the patient may have blood stains on pillow after the tooth extraction. There is nothing to be worried about it. The bleeding will stop on its own.

After the wisdom tooth removal, bleeding may occur up to 3 days. Bleeding and oozing of blood from the extraction site, 3 days after the wisdom tooth removal is considered as normal. However after 3 days, the bleeding should be very less or barely noticeable.

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Bleeding refers to loss of blood or escape of blood which occurs from the circulatory system. Bleeding after tooth extraction procedure is normal. Gauze pack is given by the dentist after the tooth extraction to control the bleeding. The patient is instructed to bite on the gauze pad for 30-45 minutes after the tooth extraction procedure.

Profuse Bleeding during Tooth Extraction Procedure
Excessive, profuse bleeding can occur during the extraction procedure if there is accidental tearing or cutting of the large artery or vein. Laceration of inferior alveolar artery or vein during attempted root removal can cause profuse bleeding.

The bleeding is also profuse in region of inflammation where the tissues are excessively hyperemic.

Profuse bleeding can occur during the extraction if there is injudicious use of suction apparatus or when the wound is wiped excessively which causes continual removal of blood clots.

Patients with high blood pressure and those with bleeding disorders bleed profusely after the tooth removal. That’s why in cases of elevated blood pressure and bleeding disorders, tooth extraction procedure is not performed.

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Entonces, antes de colocar los implantes dentales es esencial detectar la presencia de enfermedades graves, como procesos degenerativos o cancerosos, trastornos psiquiátricos o alteraciones de carácter psicológico que impidan la colaboración del paciente y el posterior mantenimiento de los resultados.

En esta fase de planificación el dentista también debe saber si el paciente fuma o toma algún medicamento especial. Los malos hábitos de higiene oral y el tabaquismo son obstáculo real para los implantes dentales, puesto que influye de manera totalmente negativa en su mantenimiento a largo plazo.

Los siguientes pasos son la toma de radiografías (que ayuda a detectar patologías como la caries dental o la enfermedad periodontal) y también la toma de impresiones. ¿Para qué sirve este último paso?

Para obtener un modelo de la boca del paciente que incluya todas las características físicas de la misma.
Permite estudiar detenidamente (el dentista puede tomarse el tiempo requerido) la distribución de los dientes restantes en la arcada del paciente, dónde se colocarán los implantes dentales y qué tipo de coronas dentales se van a necesitar.
Confeccionar una férula a medida que actuará de soporte durante la cirugía implantológica.
Facilitar la previsión y la simulación de los resultados deseados.
Finalmente, otra herramienta clave puede ser el escáner de los maxilares, que nos ayudará a determinar definitivamente dónde y cómo insertaremos las piezas de titanio.

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En la odontología moderna, el dique de goma es una necesidad en cada cirugía dental. Su uso rutinario contribuirá en gran medida al éxito en muchos tratamientos dentales.
La instalación del dique de goma lleva unos minutos, pero los beneficios compensan fácilmente.
El dique de goma es esencial para el control de la humedad, mejora la visibilidad y protege las zonas bucal, labial y lingual de la cavidad oral. El aumento de la visibilidad y la protección que ofrece, hace que la operación se lleve a cabo con una eficacia mucho mayor.

Instrumentos de Exploración:
La anatomía del diente dicta los lugares más habituales donde se encuentran los canales de éste, pero las piedras pulpares, las calcificaciones o las restauraciones que hayan tenido lugar previamente pueden alterar la anatomía de estos canales. Por eso el explorador endodóntico se utiliza para localizar orificios y eliminar las calcificaciones que puedan encontrarse.

Instrumentos dentales de Extirpación:
Los tiranervios son un elemento de extirpación del nervio, no un elemento para ensanchar los canales. El tiranervios está formado a partir de una punta de metal con forma cónica a la que se le levantan unas escamas metálicas. De esta forma, el tiranervios entra limpiamente en el canal, pero al salir se engancha con el tejido pulpar, tirando de él y extrayéndolo del canal. Para este uso, se utiliza un tiranervios más grueso que entre de forma holgada en el canal.
El tiranervios debe entrar siempre de forma holgada en el canal, ya que sino aumenta de forma considerable el riesgo de fractura de éste.

Ensanchamiento del canal: Limas K
La misión de las Limas K es la de ensanchar los canales del diente. Este tipo de limas se va introduciendo poco a poco en los canales de 1/2 vuelta en 1/2 vuelta mientras se presiona contra cada una de las paredes para que la fricción vaya ensanchando el canal. El proceso se repite contra cada una de las paredes hasta que el diámetro del canal es suficientemente grande para utilizar una lima de la medida siguiente. No se debe realizar este proceso demasiado deprisa ya que el canal debe estar suficientemente ensanchado antes de proceder con la siguiente lima. La lima debe limpiarse repetidamente durante su uso.

Medición de la profundidad:
Los instrumentos de endodoncia deben utilizarse siempre con un tope de goma para controlar su profundidad. Si el tope de goma no está colocado de forma perpendicular, la medición será errónea.

Las principales marcas de productos para endodoncia (Limas, tiranervios, Medidores de profundidad, gutapercha, etc.) son las siguientes:

Maillefer
Sybronendo
Zipperer
Polodent
Sure Endo

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Source:http://www.dentaldeal.es/article-54-Instrumentos-utilizados-tradicionalmente-odontol%C3%B3gico-.html